a2 - 2a -3
IF you want to factorise it you have to find 2 numbers multiply to -3 (so one must be neg and one pos)
and add to -2 (the bigger looking one is actually negative) must be -3 and +1
(x-3)(x+1)
On the other hand if you were asked to simplify it then you can't it already is as simple as it can be!