y'' + 3y = 5lnx help?
This is a second-order linear ordinary differential equation. The solution to it is quite involved.
Solve ( d^2 y(x))/( dx^2)+3 y(x) = 5 log(x):
The general solution will be the sum of the complementary solution and particular solution.
Find the complementary solution by solving ( d^2 y(x))/( dx^2)+3 y(x) = 0:
Assume a solution will be proportional to e^(lambda x) for some constant lambda.
Substitute y(x) = e^(lambda x) into the differential equation:
( d^2 )/( dx^2)(e^(lambda x))+3 e^(lambda x) = 0
Substitute ( d^2 )/( dx^2)(e^(lambda x)) = lambda^2 e^(lambda x):
lambda^2 e^(lambda x)+3 e^(lambda x) = 0
Factor out e^(lambda x):
(lambda^2+3) e^(lambda x) = 0
Since e^(lambda x) !=0 for any finite lambda, the zeros must come from the polynomial:
lambda^2+3 = 0
Solve for lambda:
lambda = i sqrt(3) or lambda = -i sqrt(3)
The roots lambda = ± i sqrt(3) give y_1(x) = c_1 e^(i sqrt(3) x), y_2(x) = c_2 e^(-i sqrt(3) x) as solutions, where c_1 and c_2 are arbitrary constants.
The general solution is the sum of the above solutions:
y(x) = y_1(x)+y_2(x) = c_1 e^(i sqrt(3) x)+c_2/e^(i sqrt(3) x)
Apply Euler's identity e^(alpha+i beta) = e^alpha cos(beta)+i e^alpha sin(beta):
y(x) = c_1 (cos(sqrt(3) x)+i sin(sqrt(3) x))+c_2 (cos(sqrt(3) x)-i sin(sqrt(3) x))
Regroup terms:
y(x) = (c_1+c_2) cos(sqrt(3) x)+i (c_1-c_2) sin(sqrt(3) x)
Redefine c_1+c_2 as c_1 and i (c_1-c_2) as c_2, since these are arbitrary constants:
y(x) = c_1 cos(sqrt(3) x)+c_2 sin(sqrt(3) x)
Determine the particular solution to ( d^2 y(x))/( dx^2)+3 y(x) = 5 log(x) by variation of parameters:
List the basis solutions in y_c(x):
y_(b_1)(x) = cos(sqrt(3) x) and y_(b_2)(x) = sin(sqrt(3) x)
Compute the Wronskian of y_(b_1)(x) and y_(b_2)(x):
(script capital w)(x) = |cos(sqrt(3) x) | sin(sqrt(3) x)
( d)/( dx)(cos(sqrt(3) x)) | ( d)/( dx)(sin(sqrt(3) x))| = |cos(sqrt(3) x) | sin(sqrt(3) x)
-(sqrt(3) sin(sqrt(3) x)) | sqrt(3) cos(sqrt(3) x)| = sqrt(3)
Let f(x) = 5 log(x):
Let v_1(x) = - integral (f(x) y_(b_2)(x))/((script capital w)(x)) dx and v_2(x) = integral (f(x) y_(b_1)(x))/((script capital w)(x)) dx:
The particular solution will be given by:
y_p(x) = v_1(x) y_(b_1)(x)+v_2(x) y_(b_2)(x)
Compute v_1(x):
v_1(x) = - integral (5 log(x) sin(sqrt(3) x))/sqrt(3) dx = -5/3 (Ci(sqrt(3) x)-cos(sqrt(3) x) log(x))
Compute v_2(x):
v_2(x) = integral (5 cos(sqrt(3) x) log(x))/sqrt(3) dx = 5/3 (log(x) sin(sqrt(3) x)-Si(sqrt(3) x))
The particular solution is thus:
y_p(x) = v_1(x) y_(b_1)(x)+v_2(x) y_(b_2)(x) = -5/3 cos(sqrt(3) x) (Ci(sqrt(3) x)-cos(sqrt(3) x) log(x))+5/3 (log(x) sin(sqrt(3) x)-Si(sqrt(3) x)) sin(sqrt(3) x)
Simplify:
y_p(x) = -5/3 (cos(sqrt(3) x) Ci(sqrt(3) x)-log(x)+sin(sqrt(3) x) Si(sqrt(3) x))
The general solution is given by:
Answer: |
| y(x) = y_c(x) + y_p(x) = c_1 cos(sqrt(3) x)+c_2 sin(sqrt(3) x)-5/3 (cos(sqrt(3) x) Ci(sqrt(3) x)-log(x)+sin(sqrt(3) x) Si(sqrt(3) x))
y'' + 3y = 5lnx help?
This is a second-order linear ordinary differential equation. The solution to it is quite involved.
Solve ( d^2 y(x))/( dx^2)+3 y(x) = 5 log(x):
The general solution will be the sum of the complementary solution and particular solution.
Find the complementary solution by solving ( d^2 y(x))/( dx^2)+3 y(x) = 0:
Assume a solution will be proportional to e^(lambda x) for some constant lambda.
Substitute y(x) = e^(lambda x) into the differential equation:
( d^2 )/( dx^2)(e^(lambda x))+3 e^(lambda x) = 0
Substitute ( d^2 )/( dx^2)(e^(lambda x)) = lambda^2 e^(lambda x):
lambda^2 e^(lambda x)+3 e^(lambda x) = 0
Factor out e^(lambda x):
(lambda^2+3) e^(lambda x) = 0
Since e^(lambda x) !=0 for any finite lambda, the zeros must come from the polynomial:
lambda^2+3 = 0
Solve for lambda:
lambda = i sqrt(3) or lambda = -i sqrt(3)
The roots lambda = ± i sqrt(3) give y_1(x) = c_1 e^(i sqrt(3) x), y_2(x) = c_2 e^(-i sqrt(3) x) as solutions, where c_1 and c_2 are arbitrary constants.
The general solution is the sum of the above solutions:
y(x) = y_1(x)+y_2(x) = c_1 e^(i sqrt(3) x)+c_2/e^(i sqrt(3) x)
Apply Euler's identity e^(alpha+i beta) = e^alpha cos(beta)+i e^alpha sin(beta):
y(x) = c_1 (cos(sqrt(3) x)+i sin(sqrt(3) x))+c_2 (cos(sqrt(3) x)-i sin(sqrt(3) x))
Regroup terms:
y(x) = (c_1+c_2) cos(sqrt(3) x)+i (c_1-c_2) sin(sqrt(3) x)
Redefine c_1+c_2 as c_1 and i (c_1-c_2) as c_2, since these are arbitrary constants:
y(x) = c_1 cos(sqrt(3) x)+c_2 sin(sqrt(3) x)
Determine the particular solution to ( d^2 y(x))/( dx^2)+3 y(x) = 5 log(x) by variation of parameters:
List the basis solutions in y_c(x):
y_(b_1)(x) = cos(sqrt(3) x) and y_(b_2)(x) = sin(sqrt(3) x)
Compute the Wronskian of y_(b_1)(x) and y_(b_2)(x):
(script capital w)(x) = |cos(sqrt(3) x) | sin(sqrt(3) x)
( d)/( dx)(cos(sqrt(3) x)) | ( d)/( dx)(sin(sqrt(3) x))| = |cos(sqrt(3) x) | sin(sqrt(3) x)
-(sqrt(3) sin(sqrt(3) x)) | sqrt(3) cos(sqrt(3) x)| = sqrt(3)
Let f(x) = 5 log(x):
Let v_1(x) = - integral (f(x) y_(b_2)(x))/((script capital w)(x)) dx and v_2(x) = integral (f(x) y_(b_1)(x))/((script capital w)(x)) dx:
The particular solution will be given by:
y_p(x) = v_1(x) y_(b_1)(x)+v_2(x) y_(b_2)(x)
Compute v_1(x):
v_1(x) = - integral (5 log(x) sin(sqrt(3) x))/sqrt(3) dx = -5/3 (Ci(sqrt(3) x)-cos(sqrt(3) x) log(x))
Compute v_2(x):
v_2(x) = integral (5 cos(sqrt(3) x) log(x))/sqrt(3) dx = 5/3 (log(x) sin(sqrt(3) x)-Si(sqrt(3) x))
The particular solution is thus:
y_p(x) = v_1(x) y_(b_1)(x)+v_2(x) y_(b_2)(x) = -5/3 cos(sqrt(3) x) (Ci(sqrt(3) x)-cos(sqrt(3) x) log(x))+5/3 (log(x) sin(sqrt(3) x)-Si(sqrt(3) x)) sin(sqrt(3) x)
Simplify:
y_p(x) = -5/3 (cos(sqrt(3) x) Ci(sqrt(3) x)-log(x)+sin(sqrt(3) x) Si(sqrt(3) x))
The general solution is given by:
Answer: |
| y(x) = y_c(x) + y_p(x) = c_1 cos(sqrt(3) x)+c_2 sin(sqrt(3) x)-5/3 (cos(sqrt(3) x) Ci(sqrt(3) x)-log(x)+sin(sqrt(3) x) Si(sqrt(3) x))