Hello
If a and b are real numbers and n is a positive integer, then
(a + b)
n
=nC0
a
n + nC1
a
n – 1 b
1
+ nC2
a
n – 2 b
2
+ ...
... + nCr
a
n – r
br
+ ... + nCn
b
n
, where nCr
=
n
r n r −
for 0 ≤ r ≤ n
The general term or (r + 1)th term in the expansion is given by
Tr + 1 = nCr
a
n–r b
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To solve this problem, we can start by listing all the possible outcomes of flipping a fair coin two times:
HH (two heads)
HT (one head, one tail)
TH (one tail, one head)
TT (two tails)
We can then calculate the length of the longest run for each outcome:
HH: The longest run is 2.
HT: The longest run is 1.
TH: The longest run is 1.
TT: The longest run is 2.
Therefore, the expected length of the longest run is the average of the longest runs for each outcome:
Expected longest run = (2 + 1 + 1 + 2) / 4 = 1.5
So the expected length of the longest run when flipping a fair coin two times is 1.5.