1.
$${\mathtt{76.5}}{\mathtt{\,-\,}}{\mathtt{10}} = {\frac{{\mathtt{133}}}{{\mathtt{2}}}} = {\mathtt{66.5}}$$
$${\frac{{\mathtt{66.5}}}{{\mathtt{2}}}} = {\frac{{\mathtt{133}}}{{\mathtt{4}}}} = {\mathtt{33.25}}$$
The shoes are $33.25 each pair.
2.
$${\mathtt{300}}{\mathtt{\,-\,}}{\mathtt{50}} = {\mathtt{250}}$$
$${\frac{{\mathtt{250}}}{{\mathtt{5}}}} = {\mathtt{50}}$$
You need 50 weeks of saving.
3.
$${\mathtt{108}}{\mathtt{\,-\,}}{\mathtt{6}} = {\mathtt{102}}$$
$${\frac{{\mathtt{102}}}{{\mathtt{3}}}} = {\mathtt{34}}$$
The player bats in 34 times.
4.
$${\mathtt{35}}{\mathtt{\,-\,}}{\mathtt{8}} = {\mathtt{27}}$$
$${\frac{{\mathtt{27}}}{{\mathtt{5}}}} = {\mathtt{5.4}}$$
She can take 5 children with her (and keeps $2).
5.
$${\mathtt{5\,610}}{\mathtt{\,\small\textbf+\,}}{\mathtt{1\,618}} = {\mathtt{7\,228}}$$
$${\frac{{\mathtt{7\,228}}}{{\mathtt{2}}}} = {\mathtt{3\,614}}$$
The depth of Kazumura Cave is 3614 feet.
I hope I could help you, even tough this is not the best way to learn it ;)