This is known as P*G TRIG.

The graph below may help to elaborate on Alan’s explanation.
Radar guns detect the Doppler shift in frequency to determine speed. The Doppler shift is proportional to the speed of the target’s approach or retreat from the receiver. The moving target will appear to slow and stop as the angle approaches 90, then accelerate again. At this point the cosine values are negative and the Doppler shift in frequency is now negative with respect to the broadcast frequency.
Basic trig functions are used to reconcile the two vector components of a radar beam. The cosine division returns the X vector component of the actual speed. This may seem counterintuitive because the target is not moving in the Y direction, but the radar beam does move in the Y direction relative to the target -- unless it is dead on, then the indicated speed equals the true speed of the target.
Obtaining a dead on fix requires standing in the path of the target. There are cops dumb enough to do this very thing, especially in the early days of this technology. The smarter cops stood in the retreating path. For the former, it’s pigs in a blanket; for the latter, another dozen doughnuts.
Teaching pigs (physics) trig is almost as annoying as teaching them to sing.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=rfmxx_72Coc#t=105
