I can usually avoid studying in most classes by paying attention and doing hw and stuff.
If that fails, then if the teacher gives you some list of things to know for the test thats usually a good place to start. I usually look over that and fill in stuff I don't know from notes and stuff. (this is also a great resourse for cramming right before the test, totally don't know that from experience)
When I need to learn a list of vocab words I use Quizlet. Also comming up with weird associations between words and definitions helps me remember things, like what a word sounds like or how its spelled. Even sitting there trying to come up with something to remember a word by helps.
It usually helps me to look at something, come up with a few words or short phrases about it, say it in my head/wisper it, say it w/o the paper a few times, then come back later and see if I can still remember it. This is good for knowing a concept or comparing/contrasting stuff, where you really only need to know the general idea, then be able to lengthen and add detail to it on the test.
Anyways my study habbits are atrocious, so take this with a grain of salt (or maybe a whole shaker full).