The shoes have an original price of $40 but are $10 off, this means that the sale this week is $30.
An additional 20% off means that it is basically 80% of the shoe being sold this week. So \(30*\frac{8}{10} = 24\)
Since the shoes he is going to buy are $24 dollars out of the $40 original price. The price dropped $16.
What percent of 40 is 16? You can convert it into a fraction by dividing 16 by 40. So \(\frac{16}{40} = \frac{4}{10}\)
Since \(\frac{4}{10}\) is easily recognized as 40%. The total percent discount is 40%