For how many positive integers n less than 100 is 5^n + 8^(n + 1) + 13^(n + 2) + 14^(n + 3) a multiple of 6?
If you make a table of congruences modulo 6 of
5^n, 8^{n+1}, 13^{n+2}, 14^{n+3)
for $n \equiv 0,1,2,3,4,5\pmod6$, you'll see a pattern. According to my table, half of 5^n + 8^{n+1} + 13^{n+2} + 14^{n+3) for $1\le n< 100$ are $\equiv 0\pmod6$ and the other half are $\equiv 2\pmod6$.
For conveniece, when creating the table, replace every base $a$ by $a \bmod 6$.
For how many positive integers n less than 100 is a multiple of 6?
Lets simplify the expression (mod6)
5nmod6≡(−1)nmod6
which is -1 when n is odd and +1 when n is even
13(n+2)≡1(n+2)≡1mod6
8(n+1)≡2(n+1)≡2∗2nmod6 14(n+3)≡2(n+3)≡8∗2n≡2∗2nmod6 8(n+1)+14(n+3)=4∗2nmod6
so
5n+8(n+1)+13(n+2)+14(n+3)mod6≡1+(−1)n+4∗2nmod6 When n is odd≡4∗2nmod6 When n is even≡2+4∗2nmod6
consider 4*2^n
n | 1 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 6 | |
4*2^n | 8 | 32 | 128 | 512 | 16 | 64 | 256 | 1024 | |
4*2^n mod6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |
2+4*2^n mod6 (even only) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
So that expression is a multiple of 6 for all even values of n. So that is 49 values, 2 to 98 inclusive