+68 In the card game Set, each card features a number of shapes, with four attributes:
Number: The number of shapes is 1, 2, or 3.
Color: Each shape is red, purple, or green.
Shape: Each shape is oval, diamond, or squiggle.
Shading: Each shape is hollow, shaded, or solid.
There is exactly one card for each possible combination of attributes.
In the game, several of the cards are dealt out, and the goal is to find a set. A set is formed by three cards, where for each attribute, either all three cards are the same, or all three cards are different.
you can find the game here: https://www.setgame.com/set/puzzle
So,
here's the question:
(a) How many cards are in a complete deck of Set?
(b) How many unique sets are there?
(c) Find the number of sets where all three cards are the same for exactly $0$ attributes.
(d) Find the number of sets where all three cards are the same for exactly $1$ attribute.
(e) Find the number of sets where all three cards are the same for exactly $2$ attributes.
(f) Find the number of sets where all three cards are the same for exactly $3$ attributes.
I figured out part a, which is 81 cards, but I'm not sure about the rest. Any help would be appreciated!
(b) There are 108/3 = 36 unique sets.
(c) For the first card, there are 3 ways to choose the number. For the second, there 2 choices, and then there is only 1 choice. So there are 3*2*1 = 6 ways that the numbers can be chosen. Doing this for the other attributes, we get 6*6*24*6 ways. But the order of cards doesn't matter in a set, so we divide by 3!: 6*6*24*6/3! = 864. So there are 864 sets for part (c).
(d) The cards can have the same number, color, shape, or shading. If all the colors are the same, then there are 6*24*6/3! = 144 sets. If all the numbers are the same, then there are 144 sets. We get the same number for shape and shading, so there are 4*144 = 576 sets for part (d).
(e) We need to choose two of the attributes. There are C(4,2) = 6 ways of choosing two attributes. For each of these two attributes, there are 3 options. For the other two attributes, there are 3 ways of assigning the choices, so there are 6*3*3*3*3 = 486 sets for part (e)
(f) First we choose which attributes are the same. There are C(4,3) = 4 ways of choosing which attributes are the same. There are then 3*3*4 = 36 ways to assign which is which for each of these three attributes, and there are 4 ways to assign the choices for the fourth attribute, so there are 4*36*4 = 576 sets for part (f).
