In Morse code, each symbol is represented by a sequence of dashes and dots. How many distinct symbols can be represented using sequences of 1, 2, 3, or 4 total dots and/or dashes?
We have
2 possibilities for one dot/dash = = 2
2^2 possibilities for two dots/dashes = 4
2^3 possibilities for three dots /dashes = 8
2^4 possibilities for 4 dots/dashes = 16
So..... 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 = 30 distinct symbols
+166 
