Well, I tend to post my questions when a lot of users are online. So around 5 minutes...
I never asked a question. But from what I've seen on this website (I've dugged through a lot of posts out of interest):
It depends on:
(1) Who is online
(2) The difficulty of the question
(3) The reputation of the question asker
(4) The legitimacy of the question.
Cphill, EP, and Cal tend to answer the question as soon as possible. While other answerers (like Melody, Heureka, and Alan) usually look for harder problems that may interest them. They also tend to come online a little less. The question difficulty is determines a lot too. College level math or competition math (especially olympiad level) take the longest. Intermediate to basic level competition math take some time. The fastest are easy competition problems to school level problems. The reputation of the question asker may motivate some to answer the question. Question's posted by Melody or CPhill gain attention, while Guest questions are the lowest priority. The question needs to be legit. Questions like long chains of homework usually takes a long time. A single simply formatted question takes less time.