First one....
Note at 0 sec, height = 0
At 1.5 sec...it has reached its highest point and returns to its resting position
At 3.0....it has reached its lowest point and back to its resting position
So....3 seconds
Second one
At 0.5 seconds....it's at the resting position
At 1 sec...it reaches its highest point
At 1.5 sec...it is back at the resting position
So 1.5 - 0.5 = 1 second
Third one
March means that x = 3
So.....12.2 cos (3.14 * 3 / 6) + 54.9 = 54.9°
Last one
The minimum value for the cosine is -1
So....the lowest temperature is
23.7 (-1) + 18 = -5.7°