A stick is broken at two points, chosen at random. If the length of the stick is 6 then what is the probability that all three resulting pieces are shorter than 2 units?
Let the stick be a line segment of length 6, and let X and Y be the points where the stick is broken, chosen at random. We want to find the probability that all three resulting pieces are shorter than 2 units.
First, we can assume without loss of generality that X < Y. Then the three pieces have lengths X, Y-X, and 6-Y.
For all three pieces to be shorter than 2 units, we need:
- X < 2
- Y - X < 2
- 6 - Y < 2
Simplifying these inequalities, we get:
- X < 2
- Y < X + 2
- Y > 4
We can visualize these inequalities in the following region:
```
Y
|\
| \
| \
| \
______|____\______ X
0 6
```
The region above represents all possible pairs of X and Y that result in three pieces shorter than 2 units. The horizontal axis represents the position of X, and the vertical axis represents the position of Y.
The shaded triangle in the region represents the pairs of X and Y that satisfy the three inequalities above. This is a right triangle with base 4 and height 2, so its area is:
(1/2) * 4 * 2 = 4
The total area of the region above is (1/2) * 6 * 6 = 18. So the probability that all three resulting pieces are shorter than 2 units is:
P(X, Y satisfy the inequalities) = Area of the shaded triangle / Total area of the region
= 4 / 18
= 2 / 9
Therefore, the probability that all three resulting pieces are shorter than 2 units is 2/9.