A circle is inscribed in a quarter-circle, as shown below. If the radius of the quarter-circle is $4,$ then find the radius of the circle.
Let O be the center of the quarter-circle
Let M be the intersection point of the edges of both circles
Draw a tangent line to the quarter circle at M and let N be any other point on this line
Angle OMN = 90°
Let P be the center of the small circle
Angle PMN also = 90° and PM must be the radius of the smaller circle since it forms a 90° with the tangent line
Then PM must lie on OM since angle PMN = angle OMN
Let S be the other intersection of the radius of the quarter circle and the eadge of the smaller circle
PS = radius of the small circle = r
OP = OM - PN = 4 - r
OS = 2 + r
Triangle OPS forms a right triangle such that
OP^2 = PS^2 + OS^2
(4 - r)^2 = r^2 + ( 2 + r)^2
r^2 - 8r + 16 = r^2 + r^2 + 4r + 4
r^2 + 12r - 12 = 0
r^2 + 12r = 12 complete the square on r
r^2 + 12r + 36 = 12 + 36
(r + 6)^2 = 48 take the positive root
r + 6 = sqrt (48)
r = sqrt (48) - 6
r = 4sqrt (3) - 6 ≈ .923