This curve is the graphical representation of the square root function:
\(\forall x \in \mathbb{R}^+, \\f(x)=\sqrt{x}\)
Let A be the point of coordinates (2,0). Find the coordinates of the point B of the curve that is the closest to A.
This curve is the graphical representation of the square root function:
Let A be the point of coordinates (2,0). Find the coordinates of the point B of the curve that is the closest to A.
The distance between two points A(xA,yA) and B(xB,yB) is given by the formula:
\(\begin{array}{rcl} z &=& \sqrt{ (x_B-x_A)^2 + (y_B-y_A)^2} \qquad x_B =x, \quad y_B=\sqrt{x}, \quad x_A =2, \quad y_A = 0 \\ z &=& \sqrt{ (x-2)^2 + (\sqrt{x}-0)^2} \\ z &=& \sqrt{ (x-2)^2 + \sqrt{x}^2} \\ z &=& \sqrt{ (x-2)^2 + x } \\ z &=& \sqrt{ x^2-4x+4+x } \\ \mathbf{z} & \mathbf{=} & \mathbf{ \sqrt{ x^2-3x+4 } }\\ \end{array}\\ \begin{array}{rcl} \text{The mimimum dictance is, when } z' = 0 \\ \text{We can also use } z^2 = u \text{ and set } u' = 0\\ \end{array}\\ \begin{array}{rcl} u = z^2 &=& x^2-3x+4\\ u' &=& 2x-3 = 0\\ 2x-3&=& 0\\ 2x&=& 3\\ \mathbf{x}&\mathbf{=}& \mathbf{\frac32}\\ \mathbf{y}&\mathbf{=}& \mathbf{\sqrt{\frac32} } \end{array}\\\)
Point \(B (\frac32, \sqrt{\frac32} )\) is the closest to A
\(\text{The nearest distance is: }\\ \begin{array}{rcl} z &=& \sqrt{ x^2-4x+4+x } \\ &=& \sqrt{ (\frac32)^2-3\cdot \frac32+4 } \\ &=& \sqrt{1.75}\\ &=& 1.32287565553 \end{array}\\\)
I did, this morning.
HINT: The distance between two points A(xA,yA) and B(xB,yB) is given by the formula:
\(AB=\sqrt{(x_B-x_A)^2+(y_B-y_A)^2}\)
This curve is the graphical representation of the square root function:
Let A be the point of coordinates (2,0). Find the coordinates of the point B of the curve that is the closest to A.
The distance between two points A(xA,yA) and B(xB,yB) is given by the formula:
\(\begin{array}{rcl} z &=& \sqrt{ (x_B-x_A)^2 + (y_B-y_A)^2} \qquad x_B =x, \quad y_B=\sqrt{x}, \quad x_A =2, \quad y_A = 0 \\ z &=& \sqrt{ (x-2)^2 + (\sqrt{x}-0)^2} \\ z &=& \sqrt{ (x-2)^2 + \sqrt{x}^2} \\ z &=& \sqrt{ (x-2)^2 + x } \\ z &=& \sqrt{ x^2-4x+4+x } \\ \mathbf{z} & \mathbf{=} & \mathbf{ \sqrt{ x^2-3x+4 } }\\ \end{array}\\ \begin{array}{rcl} \text{The mimimum dictance is, when } z' = 0 \\ \text{We can also use } z^2 = u \text{ and set } u' = 0\\ \end{array}\\ \begin{array}{rcl} u = z^2 &=& x^2-3x+4\\ u' &=& 2x-3 = 0\\ 2x-3&=& 0\\ 2x&=& 3\\ \mathbf{x}&\mathbf{=}& \mathbf{\frac32}\\ \mathbf{y}&\mathbf{=}& \mathbf{\sqrt{\frac32} } \end{array}\\\)
Point \(B (\frac32, \sqrt{\frac32} )\) is the closest to A
\(\text{The nearest distance is: }\\ \begin{array}{rcl} z &=& \sqrt{ x^2-4x+4+x } \\ &=& \sqrt{ (\frac32)^2-3\cdot \frac32+4 } \\ &=& \sqrt{1.75}\\ &=& 1.32287565553 \end{array}\\\)
Here's another way to do this without using too much Calculus
Note that.....at ponit B, a line through (2,0) can be constructed that will be perpendicular to the tangent line on y = sqrt(x) at point B.......and the shortest distance bettween a point and a line is a perpendicular line drawn from the point to the given line
Where sqrt(x) is differentiable, the slope will be 1 /[2sqrt(x)]
So, the slope of a perpedicular line will be -2sqrt(x)
And the equation of such a such a line through (2,0) will be
y = -2sqrt(x)(x - 2) ......setting this equal to y = sqrt(x), we have
-2sqrt(x)(x - 2) = sqrt(x)
-2sqrt(x)(x - 2) - sqrt(x) = 0
sqrt(x) [ -2(x - 2) - 1] = 0
sqrt(x) [ -2x + 3] = 0
So......sqrt(x) = 0 and x = 0 [reject] or -2x + 3 = 0 and x = 3/2
This is the x coordinate of B..... and .the y coodinate of B = sqrt(3/2)
Houston, we've got a problem. I solved the problem using another method and I got another result (I don't remember this result, I think it was 1.25 or something like this); I did this with two of my friends and they got to this result too, using the same method ><
I found the answer my teacher gave me:
A(2,0); let B be the point of coordinates \((x,\sqrt{x}) \\\text{With } x \geq 0\)
The formula to calculate the distance between to points M(xM,yM) and N(xN,yN) is \(MN=\sqrt{(x_N-x_M)^2+(y_N-y_M)^2}\)
So \(AB=\sqrt{(x-2)^2+(\sqrt{x}-0)^2} \\AB^2=(x-2)^2+\sqrt{x}^2 \\AB^2=x^2-4x+4+x=x^2-3x+4\)
We end up with a quadratic polynomial (the expression has the form ax2+bx+c, here a=1, b=-3 and c=4). Since a=1>0, the polynomial has a minimum. The formula to calculate the extremum E (minimum or maximum) of a quadratic polynomial ax2+bx+c is \(E=\frac{-b}{2a}\)
So the x coordinate of the minimum M of the polynomial (the x coordinate of B) is \(\frac{3}{2}=1.5\)
And the minimum (y coordinate of B) is \(\sqrt{3/2}\)
So the coordinates of B are \((\frac{3}{2}; \sqrt{3/2})\)
Ah, and I'm silly too, I never found a distance AB of 1.25; here's the result I got:
\(AB=\sqrt{(x_B-x_A)^2+(y_B-y_A)^2} \\AB=\sqrt{(\frac{3}{2}-2)^2+(\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}-0)^2} \\AB=\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{2}}=\sqrt{\frac{7}{4}}\)
So heureka your result for distance seems to be wrong, but I didn't take away some points because I didn't ask for the distance in the question; you gave me the correct coordinates of B, so that's OK.