What is the probability that P + S is one less than a multiple of 5?

Let one of the integers   = a

Let the other integer  = b

And 1 less than a multiple of 5 can be written as  5n  - 1   where n is an integer ≥ 1

So....we have this equation

  S          +   P   =  5n - 1

(a + b )   +  (ab)  = 5n - 1      (1)

Rearranging (1), we have

a + ab +  b  = 5n -1

a + ab + b + 1  = 5n

a (b + 1)  + 1 ( b + 1)   = 5n

(a + 1)(b + 1)  = 5n

Note that if  "a" ends in a "4"  or a "9' then  (a + 1)  is a multiple of 5, and no matter the integer value of b, the left side is always a multiple of 5. And the right side is definitely a multiple of 5

So...the  "a's"  that  end in either 4 or  9 from 1-50 inclusive are :

4, 9 ,14, 19, 24, 29,34, 39, 44, 49

Notice that we can pair 4 with any of the other 49 integers and (1) will be true

Likewise, we can can pair 9 with any of 48 integers  [we've already paired it with 4 ], and (1)  will be true

And 19 can be paired with any of 47 other integers  [ we've already paired it with 4 and 9 ] and (1)  will be true

Continuing this reasoning with each successive number, we finally arrive at the fact that 49 can  be paired with any of 40 other integers and (1) will be true

So....the number of pairs  is just   49 + 48  + 47 +  .....+ 41  + 40

And totalling these, we have that the number of pairs is just :

( 49 + 40)  *  10  / 2   =

89 * 5   =

445  pairs a,b   that make (1)  true

And the number of possible pairs of a and b is  C(50,2)   = 1225

So, the probability that P + S  is one less than a multiple of 5, is just

445  / 1225  =

89  / 245    ≈  36.3 %