Solve: log2(x - 5) = log4(x - 2) + 1
First, using the change-of-base formula, I'm going to write log4(x - 2) as a base two log:
log4(x - 2) = log2(x - 2) / log2(4) = log2(x - 2) / 2 = ½·log2(x - 2)
log2(x - 5) = log4(x - 2) + 1 ---> log2(x - 5) = ½·log2(x - 2) + 1
log2(x - 5) - ½·log2(x - 2) = 1
log2(x - 5) - log2(x - 2)½ = 1
log2[ (x - 5) / (x - 2)½ ] = 1
(x - 5) / (x - 2)½ = 2
(x - 5) = 2·(x - 2)½
squaring both sides: x2 - 10x + 25 = 4(x - 2)
x2 - 10x + 25 = 4x - 8
x2 - 14x + 33 = 0
(x - 11)(x - 3) = 0
either x = 11 or x = 3
If you check the possible answers, you'll see that 11 works but 3 doesn't.