In how many ways can $4$ balls be placed in $8$ boxes if the balls and boxes are both distinguishable?
In how many ways can $4$ balls be placed in $8$ boxes if neither the balls nor the boxes are distinguishable?
In how many ways can $4$ balls be placed in $8$ boxes if the balls are indistinguishable, and the boxes are distinguishable?
In how many ways can $4$ balls be placed in $8$ boxes if the balls are distinguishable, and the boxes are indistinguishable?
Each of the 4 balls has 8 choices for the box it goes into.
ANSWER: 8^4 = 2^12 = 4096