Rational numbers are numbers that can be defined as a ratio with both the numerator and denominator being a whole number. For example: 0.5 can be represented as 1/2 so it is a rational number.
Numbers like π (pi) and e are irrational numbers since they cannot be expressed as a fraction/ratio with both the numerator and denominator being whole numbers.
Therefore, -3 8/9 is a rational number since it can be expressed as -35/9