John has a spinner with eight equal sectors with labels from 1 to 8. He spins the spinner once.

P  ( <4  or multiple of 4 )   =

P( < 4)   +   P (multiple of 4 )   -  P(<4  and multiple of 4)   =

(3/8)      +   ( 2/8)    -      0  =

5 / 8

Note  that  P( < 4  and multiple of 4)  = 0  because there are no multiples of 4 that are < 4