10 fair six-sided dice are rolled. What is the probability of obtaining exactly one pair each of the odd numbers, that is 11, 33, and 55? Thanks.
+199 Since 10 fair six-sided dice are rolled, the total outcomes is \(6^{10}=60466176\).
And, the pairs are: 11,33
11,55
So, 2*3=6 pairs....
Thus, the probability is \(\frac{6}{60466176}=\frac{3}{3023308}\).
+118673 I will attempt to count them too ...
I know that six of the rumbers are
1,1,3,3,5,5, and I am assuming that the others four must be 2,4 or 6 each.
| 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 10!/(4!*2*2*2)=10!/(4!*8)=18900 | |
| 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 10!/(3!*8)=75600 | |
| 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 75600 | |
| 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 10!/(2*2*8)=113400 | |
| 2 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 10!/(2*8)=226800 | |
| 2 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 113400 | |
| 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 75600 | |
| 2 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 226800 | |
| 2 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 226800 | |
| 2 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 75600 | |
| 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 18900 | |
| 4 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 75600 | |
| 4 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 113400 | |
| 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 75600 | |
| 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 18900 | |
| 3*18900+6*75600+3*113400+3*226800 = 1530900 |
So I get the probability as \(\frac{1530900}{6^{10} }= \frac{175}{6912} \approx 0.025318287037037\) Note: this has been edited (1st edit)
That is if i have made no mistakes.
There would be a number of more sensible ways to do this. 
+2489 Here’s a “sensible way” 
that hides the demonstration of the nuanced details.
\(\dfrac {\binom{10}{2}\cdot \binom{8}{2}\cdot \binom{6}{2}\cdot (3^4)}{6^{10}} = \dfrac{175}{6912} \approx 2.532\% \)
GA
+118673 Thanks Ginger.
I am thinking about the logic behind Ginger's answer.
We have 10 different colored dice.
How many ways can I chose 2 (these will be 1) 10C2
Now there are 8 dice left, how many ways can i choose 2 (these will be 3) 8C2
Now there are 6 dice left, how many ways can I choose 2 (these will be 5) 6C2
Now there are 4 dice left. Each can be 2,4 or 6 so there are 3^4 posible combinations
So total number of possible combinations is 10C2 * 8C2 * 6C2 * 3^4
nCr(10,2)*nCr(8,2)*nCr(6,2)*3^4 = 1530900 Cool !!
This works and that is great.
I am always reluctant to use logic like this because sometimes it works and sometimes it doesn't and I can never understand why that is. Maybe I understand now idk but historically I had a lot of problems with this. (historically for me it often led to double counting)
Here's an alternative.
Consider the sequence 113355nnnn, where the n's represent any 2, 4 or 6.
Its probability is (1/6)^6*(1/2)^4.
The number of different orderings is 10!/(2!*2!*2!*4!).
The overall probability will be the product of these two.
That works out to be 175/6912, approximately 0.025318.
+118673 Thanks guest.
I don't understand the 4!
They do not have to be all the same ???
+2489 Hi Melody,
The (4!) is in there for the same reason it’s in your solution. Four of the dice are indistinguishable from each other, so their permutations are factored out of the (10!).
To clarify, though the four dice appear to be distinguishable from each other because 2, 4, and 6 are distinguishable, they are treated as an indistinguishable group, that is, they are only distinguishable from the 1, 3, and 5. So this question has four groups: three groups of 2 indistinguishable element, each consisting of 1s, 3s, and 5s, and one group four that is an indistinguishable collective of NOT 1s, 3s, or 5s.
GA
Just picture all the 2's and 4's with extra dots turning them all into 6's, say.
To all intents and purposes they're the same, same as the 1's, 3's and 5's.
+118673 Ok, thanks, I think I get it.
I hope I can use it appropriately in the future. :)
+2489 Just picture all the 2's and 4's with extra dots turning them all into 6's, say.
To all intents and purposes they're the same, same as the 1's, 3's and 5's.
Twos, fours, and sixes, Oh MY! This sounds like analysis using magical incantations and charms. “Snake eyes and boil, slick lies and toil, these ducks are now pigs.” The ducks aren’t really pigs, but some members of the viewing audience may think they are. This is entertaining, but not as much as using telekinetic powers to roll snake eyes or not snake eyes.
---------
DC Thomas, my cat, demonstrated his telekinetic powers for rolling snake eyes. This was very impressive to watch. He rolled snake eyes on about 60% of the attempts. The dice seemed to roll with normal expectation when he wasn’t using his telekinetic powers. This went on for a while, until Mr. Peabody, my dog, caught him switching out the loaded dice. The fight was on...
DC knows he’ll get caught when he uses loaded dice playing craps, or embezzles Monopoly money when he’s the banker. He does this just to pissoff Mr. Peabody –he likes to fight. Mr. Peabody always obliges. Long ago, I started securing the fragile artwork, and put the veterinarian on speed-dial, whenever we play games.
GA
