Circles and Angles

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Circles and Angles

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Let $ABCD$ be a cyclic quadrilateral. Let $P$ be the intersection of $\overleftrightarrow{AD}$ and $\overleftrightarrow{BC}$ , and let $Q$ be the intersection of $\overleftrightarrow{AB}$ and $\overleftrightarrow{CD}$ . Prove that the angle bisectors of $\angle{DPC}$ and $\angle{AQD}$ are perpendicular.

benjamingu22 Nov 12, 2017

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#1

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I have labeled the points T, X and R as shown in my diagram.

I have also let $\angle DPX =\alpha$ $\;\;and\;\;\angle AQX=\beta\;\;and \;\;\angle ADC=\theta$

Now:

$\angle DPX\cong \angle CPX= \alpha \qquad \qquad \overline{PX}\;\;bisects \angle DPC\\ \angle AQX\cong \angle DQX= \beta \qquad \qquad \overline{QX}\;\;bisects \angle AQD\\~\\ \angle ADC\cong \angle QBR=\theta \\ \qquad \text{Exterior angle of cyclic quad= opposite internal angle}\\~\\ \angle BRX=\angle QBR+\angle BQR=\theta + \beta\\ \qquad \text{Exterior angle of triangle = sum of opp internal angles in } \triangle BRQ\\~\\ \angle ATX=\angle TDQ+\angle TQD = \theta+\beta\\ \qquad \text{Exterior angle of triangle = sum of opp internal angles in } \triangle TQD\\~\\ \therefore \angle BRX=\angle ATX\\$

$Consider\;\; \triangle PXT \;\;and\;\; \triangle PXR\\ \angle PTX=\angle PRX=\theta + \beta\\ \angle TPX=\angle RTX=\alpha PX = PX \;\; common side\\ \therefore \triangle PXT=\triangle PXR \\ \qquad \text{Two angles and corresponding side test.}\\~\\ \therefore PXT=\angle PXR\\ \qquad \text{Corresponding angles in congruent triangles}\\ But \;\;\angle PXT+\angle PXR=180^\circ \\\qquad \text{Adjacent supplementary angles}\\ \therefore \angle PXT=\angle PXR=90^\circ\\ \therefore QT\;\;and \;\;PX \text{ are perpendicular.}$

$\text{Therefore the angle bisectors of DPC and AQD are perpendicular. QED}$

[ Well that is assuming I have not put letters in stupid places anyway ]

Melody Nov 13, 2017

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Melody · Answer 1 · 2017-11-13T09:20:24

I have labeled the points T, X and R as shown in my diagram.

I have also let $\angle DPX =\alpha$ $\;\;and\;\;\angle AQX=\beta\;\;and \;\;\angle ADC=\theta$

Now:

$\angle DPX\cong \angle CPX= \alpha \qquad \qquad \overline{PX}\;\;bisects \angle DPC\\ \angle AQX\cong \angle DQX= \beta \qquad \qquad \overline{QX}\;\;bisects \angle AQD\\~\\ \angle ADC\cong \angle QBR=\theta \\ \qquad \text{Exterior angle of cyclic quad= opposite internal angle}\\~\\ \angle BRX=\angle QBR+\angle BQR=\theta + \beta\\ \qquad \text{Exterior angle of triangle = sum of opp internal angles in } \triangle BRQ\\~\\ \angle ATX=\angle TDQ+\angle TQD = \theta+\beta\\ \qquad \text{Exterior angle of triangle = sum of opp internal angles in } \triangle TQD\\~\\ \therefore \angle BRX=\angle ATX\\$

$Consider\;\; \triangle PXT \;\;and\;\; \triangle PXR\\ \angle PTX=\angle PRX=\theta + \beta\\ \angle TPX=\angle RTX=\alpha PX = PX \;\; common side\\ \therefore \triangle PXT=\triangle PXR \\ \qquad \text{Two angles and corresponding side test.}\\~\\ \therefore PXT=\angle PXR\\ \qquad \text{Corresponding angles in congruent triangles}\\ But \;\;\angle PXT+\angle PXR=180^\circ \\\qquad \text{Adjacent supplementary angles}\\ \therefore \angle PXT=\angle PXR=90^\circ\\ \therefore QT\;\;and \;\;PX \text{ are perpendicular.}$

$\text{Therefore the angle bisectors of DPC and AQD are perpendicular. QED}$

[ Well that is assuming I have not put letters in stupid places anyway ]

CPhill · Answer 2 · 2017-11-13T10:06:35

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That is excellent, Melody!!!!.....I did not know the thing about the exterior angle of a cyclic quad = the opposite interior angle.....I'm going to have to prove that to myself.....LOL!!!!!

I'm adding this one to my "Watchlist".......it's a very nice one !!!!!

CPhill Nov 13, 2017

#3

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+2

Thanks for complementing me on my answer Chris.

I'm sure you know better than most that when we put a lot of effort into an answer like this we do want someone to notice.

I mean we get our own satisfaction but still it is nice if we have a small appreciative audience as well.

You provide so many excellent geometry answers, I did not think you would notice this one.

".I did not know the thing about the exterior angle of a cyclic quad = the opposite interior angle"

I kind of extrapolated that ...

One of the most important features of a cyclic quad is that opposite angles are supplementary.

I was going to use that.

But then I realised that since this is true it means, by extension, that the exterior angle of a cyclic quad is equal to the opposite internal angle.

It just meant that I could skip one step in the proof, that is all. :)

------------------------------------

With these proofs I am sometimes a bit confused about when I should use the 'congruent to' sign and when I should just use the equal sign. Do you have any confusion over this?

-----------------------------------

Did you see Rosala's question about series that are combinations of Arithmetic Progressions and Geometric progressions?

She asked for the formula derivation to be explained and then she had 2 questions using it.

I answered the first, but I couldn't do the second.

It was 'new' maths for me and quite interesting.

I'll see if I can find the link.

Arr, I can see Heureka is answering it now :))

https://web2.0calc.com/questions/this-is-so-annoying-pls-help-me

Melody Nov 13, 2017

#4

+2446

+2

Your answer, Melody, was crafted with plenty of time and care. Good job! I do agree that answers requiring additional thought can go unnoticed, too.

I see that you are confused on the notation. Maybe this will help.

For angles

1) If you are specifically referencing the measure of the angle, then you use the equal sign. For example, $m\angle ABC=m\angle CBD=125^{\circ}$ . I generally place the m in front to denote that it is the measure of the angle.

2) If you are referencing the figure, in general, then you use the congruency symbol. $\angle ABC\cong \angle CBD$ . Here, one has stated that the angles are congruent, but you may not necessarily know what the measures are.

Generally, I saw it out loud. If I say that angles are of equal measure, then you are certainly using an equal sign.

For segments

1) If you are specifically referencing the length of the segment, then you would use the equal sign. $BD=QA=AX=25cm$

2) If you are referencing the figures themselves (maybe you know the figures are congruent because of a theorem, for example), then you will use the congruency symbol.

$\overline{BD}\cong\overline{QA}\cong\overline{AX}$

TheXSquaredFactor Nov 13, 2017

#6

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Thanks, X².....that notation often confuses me, too...!!!!

CPhill Nov 13, 2017

#7

+118703

+1

Thanks X^2

What you say makes sense but there is still room for confusion ://

Melody Nov 13, 2017

CPhill · Answer 3 · 2017-11-13T12:02:24

Your pic and presentation of the answer on this geometry question made it pretty easy to see......most of these proofs rely one one key thing....that exterior angle-opposite interior angle thing was the key...

I saw that one that rosala posted......and your answer...I think that one is probably above my puny level....>>>LOL!!!!!

Yes....I'm never sure are about "equal" vs. "congruent, either.....

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