One popular trope in science fiction is the astronaut who (deliberately or inadvertently) punctures an air tank or something and goes rocketing off.
How would we calculate the amount of force that would be exerted by eg a 1cm round puncture in a vessel containing breathable air at 500mbar?
This is basically a cold gas thruster, but the equations I found for those assume you know the exhaust velocity, whereas in this case we know only the pressure inside the vessel and the fact that there's vacuum outside. Bernoulli's principle falls down in this case since the gas is decompressing (running the numbers assuming constant density gave me an exit velocity exceeding the speed of sound).
So what is the right way to approximate the newtons you'd get from blowing a hole in an airlock? (For the simplicity of the thought experiment let's say the hole is perfectly round and the gas is regular air and we can ignore turbulence.)
