​ what are sine, cosine, and tangent

Sine, Cosine and Tangent are the three main functions in trigonometry.

They are often shortened to sin, cos and tan.

To calculate them:

Divide the length of one side by another side 
... but which sides?

For a triangle with an angle θ, they are calculated this way:

Sine Function:

sin(θ) = Opposite / Hypotenuse

Cosine Function:

cos(θ) = Adjacent / Hypotenuse

Tangent Function:

tan(θ) = Opposite / Adjacent

 

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