Let S be the set of all permutations of (1,2,3,4,5,6,7). The total number of such permutations is ∣S∣=7!
We are interested in the number of permutations that have at least one even fixed point. The even numbers in the set {1,2,3,4,5,6,7} are {2,4,6}.
Let Ai be the set of permutations where i is a fixed point. We want to find the number of permutations in A2∪A4∪A6.
Using the Principle of Inclusion-Exclusion, we have:
∣A2∪A4∪A6∣=∣A2∣+∣A4∣+∣A6∣−(∣A2∩A4∣+∣A2∩A6∣+∣A4∩A6∣)+∣A2∩A4∩A6∣
We calculate the size of each intersection:
\begin{enumerate}
\item ∣Ai∣: If i is a fixed point, then the remaining n−1 elements can be permuted in (n−1)! ways. For n=7:
∣A2∣=(7−1)!=6!=720
∣A4∣=(7−1)!=6!=720
∣A6∣=(7−1)!=6!=720
\item ∣Ai∩Aj∣: If i and j are fixed points, then the remaining n−2 elements can be permuted in (n−2)! ways. For n=7:
∣A2∩A4∣=(7−2)!=5!=120
∣A2∩A6∣=(7−2)!=5!=120
∣A4∩A6∣=(7−2)!=5!=120
\item ∣A2∩A4∩A6∣: If 2,4, and 6 are fixed points, then the remaining n−3 elements can be permuted in (n−3)! ways. For n=7:
∣A2∩A4∩A6∣=(7−3)!=4!=24
\end{enumerate}
Now, substitute these values into the Inclusion-Exclusion Principle formula:
∣A2∪A4∪A6∣=720+720+720−(120+120+120)+24
∣A2∪A4∪A6∣=2160−360+24
∣A2∪A4∪A6∣=1800+24
∣A2∪A4∪A6∣=1824
Thus, there are 1824 permutations of (1,2,3,4,5,6,7) that have at least one even fixed point.
Final Answer: The final answer is 1824