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 #1
avatar+226 
+8

(2a+1)3

We could first look to combine like terms to simplify this but there are none we could combine.

Then we could look at order of operations, also known as precedence. There are a number of mneumonics to help us remember the order to do things, PEMDAS (Parenthesis, Exponents, Multiplication, Division, Addition, Subtraction), BIDMAS (Brackets, Indecies, Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction) and a few more depending on where you have been taught, but thankfully they all basically mean the same thing.

This means we should do any work we can within the brackets/parenthesis first (following the order of the mneumonic) followed by any exponents/indecies (including roots), followed by multiplication/division (these can be either way around as long as they follow brackets/parenthesis and exponents/indicies) followed by addition/subtraction (these can be either way around as long as they are the last to be completed).

In this case we can't calculate the contents of the brackets/parenthesis as it contains numbers and an algebraic term. Therefor we go straight to applying the exponent/indicies which in this case is "3", meaning cubed or to the power of 3. Put simply this is equivelant to (2a+1)*(2a+1)*(2a+1) though we don't need the * (multiplication) symbol inbetween the brackets as we know that back to back brackets automatically have their contents multiplied, so would be written;

= (2a+1)(2a+1)(2a+1)

We could then multiply the contents of the first two brackets/parenthesis against each other. I use the FOIL method. First from each bracket, Outside from each bracket, Inside from each bracket, Last from each bracket. It ensures that each term from one bracket is multiplied by each term from the other bracket. The order is not important but ensuring all are completed is;

= ((2a*2a)+(2a*1)+(1*2a)+(1*1))(2a+1)

= (4a2+2a+2a+1)(2a+1)

To simplify this we could combine like terms within the brackets/parenthesis;

= (4a2+4a+1)(2a+1)

= We could now multiply the contents of the two remaining brackets/parenthesis though this time we can't use the FOIL method as we have three terms inside the first bracket/parenthesis, another methodical approach will have to be used to ensure all terms from the first bracket/parenthesis are multiplied by all terms in the second bracket/parenthesis;

= (4a2*2a)+(4a2*1)+(4a*2a)+(4a*1)+(1*2a)+(1*1)

= 8a3+4a2+8a2+4a+2a+1

We could then combine like terms leaving us with;

= 8a3+12a2+6a+1

Sorry if this is a bit long winded but I've tried to cover everything for you here. Please bear in mind I am just a newbie so there may be more elegant solutions to this and I may be wrong, though I believe I have it correct.

Jan 20, 2015
 #2
avatar+118724 
+5

The SAT mathematics scores (1,664,479 students) in 2012 are approxiimately normally distributed with a mean of 514 and a standard deviation of 117.

$$\\\mu=514 \qquad \sigma=117$$

a. bob achieved a score of 700 on the test. How many standard deviations away from the mean is his score of 700?

 

$$\\z=\frac{700-514}{117}\\\\
z=\frac{186}{117}\\\\$$

 

$${\frac{{\mathtt{186}}}{{\mathtt{117}}}} = {\frac{{\mathtt{62}}}{{\mathtt{39}}}} = {\mathtt{1.589\: \!743\: \!589\: \!743\: \!589\: \!7}}$$

 

His score is 1.59 standard deviations above the mean. 

 

b. What percentage of those who took the test scored higher than Bob?

http://davidmlane.com/hyperstat/z_table.html

0.0559*100 = 5.59%  scored higher

c. What is the cutoff point for the top 5% of scores.

http://stattrek.com/online-calculator/normal.aspx

z=1.645

 

$$\\1.645=\frac{x-514}{117}\\\\
1.645*117=x-514\\\\
1.645*117+514=x\\\\$$

 

$${\mathtt{1.645}}{\mathtt{\,\times\,}}{\mathtt{117}}{\mathtt{\,\small\textbf+\,}}{\mathtt{514}} = {\mathtt{706.465}}$$

 

5% of scores are more than 706

 

d. Find the 99th percentiles for SAT math scores.

I assume this means what is the cut off for the top 1% of scores.

http://stattrek.com/online-calculator/normal.aspx

crit z = 2.326

 

$$\\2.326=\frac{x-514}{117}\\\\
2.326*117=x-514\\\\
2.326*117+514=x\\\\$$

 

$${\mathtt{2.326}}{\mathtt{\,\times\,}}{\mathtt{117}}{\mathtt{\,\small\textbf+\,}}{\mathtt{514}} = {\mathtt{786.142}}$$

 

1% of scores are greater than 786

 

e. What is the percentage of students who score between 520 and 695? 

http://davidmlane.com/hyperstat/z_table.html

0.4186 = 41.86%

Usually you would have to change these scores to zscores first (using the formula above)

But this site I used allows me to insert what ever mean and standard deviation that I want so I didn't bother.

 

I hope all that helps  

Jan 20, 2015
 #3
avatar+26402 
+5

Part (a): Find the sum  s =  a + (a + 1) + (a + 2) + \dots + (a + n - 1) in terms of a and n. 

$$s = a + (a+1) + ( a+2) + (a+3) + ... +(a+ (n-2)) + (a+(n-1))\\\\
s = \left[a + (a+(n-1))\right] *(\frac{n}{2} ) \\\\
s = \left[2a+(n-1))\right]*(\frac{n}{2} ) \\\\
\boxed{s = n*a+\frac{n(n-1)}{2}}$$

 

Part (b): Find all pairs of positive integers (a,n) such that n \ge 2 anda + (a + 1) + (a + 2) + \dots + (a + n - 1) = 100. 

$$\small{\text{$ 2\le n\le14 \text{ and } a > 0 $}}\\
\small{\text{
$ n= 2\quad a=49.500000 $ }} \\ \small{\text{
$ n= 3\quad a=32.333333 $ }} $\\$ \small{\text{
$ n= 4\quad a=23.500000 $ }} $\\$ \small{\text{
$\textcolor[rgb]{1,0,0}{n= 5\quad a=18.000000} $ }} $\\$ \small{\text{
$ n= 6\quad a=14.166667 $ }} $\\$ \small{\text{
$ n= 7\quad a=11.285714 $ }} $\\$ \small{\text{
$ \textcolor[rgb]{1,0,0}{n= 8\quad a=9.000000 }$ }} $\\$ \small{\text{
$n= 9\quad a=7.111111 $ }} $\\$ \small{\text{
$n=10\quad a=5.500000 $ }} $\\$ \small{\text{
$n=11\quad a=4.090909 $ }} $\\$ \small{\text{
$n=12\quad a=2.833333 $ }} $\\$ \small{\text{
$n=13\quad a=1.692308 $ }} $\\$ \small{\text{
$n=14\quad a=0.642857 $ }} $\\$ \small{\text{
The only 2 solutions for $(a,n)$ are $ (18,5),\ (9,8)$
}} $\\$
\small{\text{
$
\textcolor[rgb]{1,0,0}{18}+19+20+21+22 = 100 \quad $ and $\quad \textcolor[rgb]{1,0,0}{9}+10+11+12+13+14+15+16 = 100
$
}}$$

.
Jan 20, 2015

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