Note: If you are wondering how to prove the Frobenius Coin Theorem, it is trivial by Bezout's Lemma. Induction also comes in handy, though I would not know how you would prove it using induction. Proof by contradiction generally is a solid and reliable approach, but I do not think it comes in handy on this problem.
1. By the Frobenius Coin Theorem, the answer is $\text{lcm}(13, 18) - (13 + 18)$
Because they are relatively prime, the lcm is their product, namely $13 \cdot 18 = 234.$
Thus the answer is $234 - 31 = \boxed{204}$
I will leave 2 up to you.