a. 1 gallon equals 16 cups, so 1 5/8 gallons equals 26 cups.
solution: turn 1 5/8 into an improper fraction: (8 x 1) + 5 = 13, so 13/8
(13/8) x 16 = 26
convert:
2/5 to 8/20 cups for red
1/4 to 5/20 cups for blue
Add together.
13/20 cup equals 1 unit of purple.
red:
Divide the ratio by the whole.
(2/5 red) / (2/5 red)+(1/4 blue) =
(2/5) / (13/20) =
(2/5) x (20/13) = 8/13
(8/13) x 26 total cups = 16 cups or 1 gallon
blue:
Divide the ratio by the whole.
(1/4) / (2/5)+(1/4) =
(1/4) / (13/20) =
(1/4) x (20/13) = 5/13
(5/13) x 26 total cups = 10 cups or 10/16 of a gallon, which simplifies to 5/8 gallon.
Final answer: 1 gallon red, 5/8 gallon blue.
***
b. 1 gallon equals 16 cups, so 3/8 gallons equals 6 cups.
convert:
1/10 to 2/20 cups for white
2/5 to 8/20 cups for red
1/4 to 5/20 cups for blue
Add together.
15/20 cup or 3/4 cup equals 1 unit of light purple.
We want 6 cups of light purple so divide 6 by 3/4 equalling 8 units total.
Multiply 8 to each ratio:
1/10 white x 8/1 = 4/5 cups of white
2/5 red x 8/1 = 18/5 = 3 1/5 cups of red
1/4 blue x 8/1 = 2 cups of blue
[4/5 + 3 1/5 + 2 = 6 total cups of light purple]