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 #1
avatar+118656 
0
Sep 8, 2016
 #2
avatar+118656 
+5

i)  Show that for all positiveintegers n,

 

\(x[(1+x)^{n-1}+(1+x)^{n-2}+\dots (1+x)+1]=(1+x)^n-1\qquad (1)\\\)

 

I can do this first bit no worries but then part 2 is

 

Hence show that for   \(1\le k\le n\)

 

\(\begin{pmatrix}n-1 \\k-1\end{pmatrix}+ \begin{pmatrix}n-2 \\k-1\end{pmatrix}+ \begin{pmatrix}n-3 \\k-1\end{pmatrix}+\dots + \begin{pmatrix}k-1 \\k-1\end{pmatrix}= \begin{pmatrix}n \\k\end{pmatrix}\)

 

I don't know how to do this second bit.  Can someone help me please?

 

Ok what you need to see is that is the coefficient of x^k  in the right hand side of equation 1 is   nCk

So I need to find the coefficient of x^k in the left hand side.

Those two coefficients mucs be equal

 

Looking at equation (1)

 

\(RHS\\ = (1+x)^n-1\\ =\begin{pmatrix}n\\0\end{pmatrix} +\begin{pmatrix}n\\1\end{pmatrix}x +\begin{pmatrix}n\\2\end{pmatrix}x^2\dots +\begin{pmatrix}n\\k\end{pmatrix}x^k\dots +\begin{pmatrix}n\\n\end{pmatrix}x^n-1\\ \therefore \mbox{The coefficient of }x^k \;\;is\;\;\begin{pmatrix} n\\k \end{pmatrix}\)

 

 

\(LHS=x[(1+x)^{n-1}+(1+x)^{n-2}+\dots (1+x)+1]\\ \mbox{I want to find the coefficient of }x^k\\ \mbox{So I am only interested in }x^{k-1} \;\;\mbox{terms in the binomial expansions}\\ x\left [\begin{pmatrix} n-1\\k-1 \end{pmatrix}x^{k-1}+\begin{pmatrix} n-2\\k-1 \end{pmatrix}x^{k-1}+\dots +\begin{pmatrix} k-1\\k-1 \end{pmatrix}x^{k-1} \right]\\ =\left [\begin{pmatrix} n-1\\k-1 \end{pmatrix}+\begin{pmatrix} n-2\\k-1 \end{pmatrix}+\dots +\begin{pmatrix} k-1\\k-1 \end{pmatrix}\right]x^k\\ \)

 

Equating coefficients we have

 

\(\begin{pmatrix} n-1\\k-1 \end{pmatrix}+\begin{pmatrix} n-2\\k-1 \end{pmatrix}+\dots +\begin{pmatrix} k-1\\k-1 \end{pmatrix}= \begin{pmatrix} n\\k \end{pmatrix} \)

 

*

Sep 8, 2016
 #1
avatar
+5

1. If V= 12R/(r+R) make R the subject of the equation.

 

Solve for R:
V = (12 R)/(r+R)

V = (12 R)/(r+R) is equivalent to (12 R)/(r+R) = V:
(12 R)/(r+R) = V

Multiply both sides by r+R:
12 R = V (r+R)

Expand out terms of the right hand side:
12 R = r V+R V

Subtract R V from both sides:
R (12-V) = r V

Divide both sides by 12-V:
Answer: |R = (r V)/(12-V)

 

 

2a. Jane, Maria and Ben each have a collection of marbles. Jane has 15 more marbles than Ben, and Maria has 2 times as many marbles as Ben. All together, they have 95 marbles. Find how many marbles Maria has.

 

Let Ben's marbles =B

Jane has =B+15 marbles

Maria has =2B marbles

 

B + B + 15 + 2B =95

4B=95 - 15

4B =80 divide both sides by 4

B=20 Ben's marbles

20+15 =35 Jane's marbles

2 x 20 =40 Maria's marbles.

 

 

2b. Dave sold 40 tickets for a concert. He sold x tickets at $2 each and y tickets at $3 each. He collected $88. Write down two equations connecting x and y. Solve these two equations to find how many of each kind of ticket he sold

 

x + y =40

2x + 3y =88

 

Solve the following system:
{x+y = 40 | (equation 1)
2 x+3 y = 88 | (equation 2)
Swap equation 1 with equation 2:
{2 x+3 y = 88 | (equation 1)
x+y = 40 | (equation 2)
Subtract 1/2 × (equation 1) from equation 2:
{2 x+3 y = 88 | (equation 1)
0 x-y/2 = -4 | (equation 2)
Multiply equation 2 by -2:
{2 x+3 y = 88 | (equation 1)
0 x+y = 8 | (equation 2)
Subtract 3 × (equation 2) from equation 1:
{2 x+0 y = 64 | (equation 1)
0 x+y = 8 | (equation 2)
Divide equation 1 by 2:
{x+0 y = 32 | (equation 1)
0 x+y = 8 | (equation 2)
Collect results:
Answer: |x = 32                         and                           y = 8

 

 

2c. A rectangle has length (x+5) cm and width of (x-2) cm. Its area is 60 cm^2. Write a quadratic equation, and solve it to fins the length and the width of this rectangle.

 

Solve for x:
(x-2) (x+5) = 60

Expand out terms of the left hand side:
x^2+3 x-10 = 60

Add 10 to both sides:
x^2+3 x = 70

Add 9/4 to both sides:
x^2+3 x+9/4 = 289/4

Write the left hand side as a square:
(x+3/2)^2 = 289/4

Take the square root of both sides:
x+3/2 = 17/2 or x+3/2 = -17/2

Subtract 3/2 from both sides:
x = 7 or x+3/2 = -17/2

Subtract 3/2 from both sides:
Answer: |x = 7

Sep 8, 2016
 #2
avatar+23251 
+6

For the Logarithm Question:

  Assuming real numbers, square roots will be defined when the value inside the square root sign is zero or positive:

     sqrt(x + 1) is defined for all values:  x + 1 >= 0     --->     x >= -1

     sqrt(1 - x) is defined for all values:  1 - x >= 0     --->     -x >= -1     --->     x <= 1

     sqrt(x) is defined for all values:  x >= 0     --->     but a denominator can't be zero     --->     x > 0

          Putting these restrictions together:     0 < x <= 1

 

Polynomial Question #1:

   The degreee of a polynomial is the degree of its highest degree term.

   f(x) is quadratic   --->   its highest degree term is 2

   g(x) is cubic   --->   its highest degree terms is 3

   [ f(x) ]3  has a highest degree of  [ x2 ]3  =  x6    

        --->   degree is 6 (with a coefficient of 1)  (but it can also have terms of degree 5, degree 4, etc.)

   [ g(x) ]2  has a highest degree of  [ x3 ]2  =  x6   

          --->   degree is 6 (with a coefficient of 1) (but it can also have terms of degree 5, degree 4, etc.)

   Since the coefficient of the  x6  term of both the [ f(x) ]3  term and the  [ g(x) ]2  term is 1, these terms will cancel      

   under subtraction, leaving a possible  x5  term.

--->     The maximum possible degree of the answer is 5.

 

Polynomial Question #2:

 If  f(x)  =  x7  and  g(x)  =  -x7,  then  f(x) + g(x)  =  x7 + -x7   =  0, which has a degree of 0, the minimum possible degree.

 

If  f(x)  =  x7  and  g(x)  =  x7,  then  f(x) + g(x)  =  x7 + x7   =  2x7,  which has a degree of 7, the maximum possible degree.

 

Multiplying these two answers:  0 x 7 = 0.

Sep 8, 2016
Sep 7, 2016

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