The sum of the first three terms of a geometric sequence of positive integers is equal to seven times the first term, and the sum of the first four terms is 45. What is the first term of the sequence?
We have that
7a1 = a1 [ 1 - r^3] / [ 1 - r]
7 [ 1 - r ] = 1 - r^3 factor the right as a differece of cubes
7 [ 1 - r] = [ 1 - r ] [ r^2 + r +1] divide out [ 1 - r ]
7 = r^2 + r + 1 rearrange
r^2 + r - 6 = 0 factor
(r + 3) ( r - 2) = 0
Set each factor to 0 and solve for r and we get that r = - 3 or r = 2
Either
45 = a1 [ 1 - (2)^4 ] / [ 1 - (2)]
45 = a1 [ -15]/ (-1)
-45 = a1 [-15] divide by -15
3 = a1 this must be the correct value of r since all terms are positive integers