This is an AOPS question. This presentation is an adaptation of Lancelot Link’s solution for a closely related question.
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This is question has a subtle contingency and requires two probability equations to solve.
For the Giants to win the series in game six, they need to win three games in five trials. This is a binomial distribution.
\(P(G\text{ win series in 6 games}) = \\ P(G \text{ wins 3 in 5})*P(G\text{ wins 6th game}) =\\ \binom{5}{3}(0.5)^3(0.5)^2 *(0 .5) = 0.15625\)
Further ... For the series to end in six games, either the Giants or the Royals must win the series in six games.
\(P(\text{Series ends on game 6})=P(G\text{ wins series on game 6})+P(R\text{ wins series on game 6}) \\ = 2P(G\text{ wins series on game 6}) \\ = (2)\binom{5}{3}(0.5)^3(0.5)^2 * (0.5) \\= \frac{5}{16}\)
The probability the Giants win the series in game 6 is 5/16.
GA
Edit: changed ASOP (the fabulist) to AOPS, (the fabled academy of higher mathematics).