The 2R comes from the standard proof of the sine rule.
Draw your triangle ABC with its circumscribing circle, radius R, centre O.
With the usual notation, angle BOC = 2A, so if you drop a perpendicular from O to BC you get a rt-angled triangle with
two sides R and a/2 and an angle A, from which a/2R = sin(A) and a/sin(A) = 2R.
Repeat for B and C and equate the three.
Here's an alternative answer to the original question.
LHS,
sin(C)=2sin(C/2)cos(C/2)=2sin(90−(A+B)/2)cos(90−(A+B)/2)=2cos((A+B)/2)sin((A+B)/2)………(1)
RHS
sin(A)+sin(B)cos(A)+cos(B)=2sin((A+B)/2)cos((A−B)/2)2cos((A+B)/2)cos((A−B)/2)=sin((A+B)/2)cos((A+B)/2)……(2)
Equate (1) and (2), cancel and cross multiply,
cos2((A+B)/2)=1/2,so cos((A+B)/2)=1/√2so (A+B)/2=45 degA+B=90 degC=90 deg.
Tiggsy.