First problem: 3 : 5 = 3 / 5 = 1 / (5 / 3)
Second problem: x / y = 5 / 3 ---> multiply both sides by y: x = (5/3)·y
x + y = 56 ---> (5/3)·y + y = 56 ---> (8/3)·y = 56 ---> 8y = 168 ---> y = 21
Now that you know what y is, substitute that value into x + y = 56 to find out the value of x.
Then, find out what x - y equals.
Third problem: ratio of blue to green = 2 : 7
ratio of green to red = 3 : 1
I need to know this: blue : green : red so I need the same number for green in the first ratio as in the second ratio.
I can get this number by multipling 7 x 3 = 21.
Now, I have these ratios: blue to green = 6 : 21
green to red = 21 : 7
So, my ratio of blue : green : red
is: 6 : 21 : 7 (for a total of 34)
multiplying by 2: 12 : 42 : 14 (for a total of 68)
multiplying by 3: 18 : 63 : 21 (for a total of 102 -- too many! -- making the previous answer the one!)