For your first question, it has already been answered (by me) on this link https://web2.0calc.com/questions/here-s-a-challenge-for-everyone#r5.
Question 2 has also been answered by geno3141 here: https://web2.0calc.com/questions/another-tangent-circle-question-please-explain
Question 3 has been answered by heureka here: https://web2.0calc.com/questions/tangent-question-with-inscribed-angles-please-explain
Question 4 has been answered by Dragan and geusts here: https://web2.0calc.com/questions/help-please-thx_4#r4
(PS, next time, just ask one question at a time, and also, double check to make sure it has not been answered yet, by using the search bar)
By the way, if you missed class, you should always refer to your book or a friend to catch up. This way, you can learn.
Good luck on your math journey!