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Mar 25, 2023
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To find the total number of possible sequences of 12 coin tosses, we can use the multiplication rule, which states that if there are k independent events with n1 possible outcomes for the first event, n2 possible outcomes for the second event, and so on, then the total number of possible outcomes is n1 * n2 * ... * nk.

For each of the 12 tosses, there are two possible outcomes, heads or tails. Therefore, the total number of possible sequences of 12 coin tosses is 2^12 = 4096.

To find the number of sequences with at least k heads, we can use the complement rule, which states that the probability of an event happening is 1 minus the probability of the event not happening. In this case, the probability of getting at least k heads is equal to 1 minus the probability of getting less than k heads.

Let's consider the case where k = 1, i.e., we want to find the number of sequences with at least one head. The number of sequences with no heads is just 1 (i.e., all tails), so the number of sequences with at least one head is 4096 - 1 = 4095.

For the case where k = 2, we want to find the number of sequences with at least two heads. The number of sequences with no heads or one head is 1 + 12 = 13, so the number of sequences with at least two heads is 4096 - 13 = 4083.

Using this approach, we can find the number of sequences with at least 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 heads, by subtracting the number of sequences with fewer than k heads from the total number of sequences.

Alternatively, we can use the binomial distribution formula to calculate the number of sequences with at least k heads:

Number of sequences with at least k heads = sum from i=k to i=12 of (12 choose i) = (12 choose k) + (12 choose k+1) + ... + (12 choose 12)

where (n choose k) represents the binomial coefficient, which gives the number of ways to choose k items from a set of n items. MI Bridges

Mar 25, 2023
Mar 24, 2023

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