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 #1
avatar+118723 
+5
Aug 28, 2014
 #7
avatar+26400 
+10

Hi Melody,

 

François Viète (Latin: Franciscus Vieta; 1540 – 23 February 1603), Seigneur de la Bigotière, was a French mathematician whose work on new algebra was an important step towards modern algebra, due to its innovative use of letters as parameters in equations

The Laws

Basic formulas

Any general polynomial of degree n

P(x)=a_nx^n + a_{n-1}x^{n-1} +\cdots + a_1 x+ a_0 \,

(with the coefficients being real or complex numbers and an ≠ 0) is known by the fundamental theorem of algebra to have n (not necessarily distinct) complex roots x1x2, ..., xn. Vieta's formulas relate the polynomial's coefficients { ak } to signed sums and products of its roots { xi } as follows:

\begin{cases} x_1 + x_2 + \dots + x_{n-1} + x_n = -\tfrac{a_{n-1}}{a_n} \\ (x_1 x_2 + x_1 x_3+\cdots + x_1x_n) + (x_2x_3+x_2x_4+\cdots + x_2x_n)+\cdots + x_{n-1}x_n = \frac{a_{n-2}}{a_n} \\ {} \quad \vdots \\ x_1 x_2 \dots x_n = (-1)^n \tfrac{a_0}{a_n}. \end{cases}

Equivalently stated, the (n − k)th coefficient ank is related to a signed sum of all possible subproducts of roots, taken k-at-a-time:

\sum_{1\le i_1 < i_2 < \cdots < i_k\le n} x_{i_1}x_{i_2}\cdots x_{i_k}=(-1)^k\frac{a_{n-k}}{a_n}

for k = 1, 2, ..., n (where we wrote the indices ik in increasing order to ensure each subproduct of roots is used exactly once).

The left hand sides of Vieta's formulas are the elementary symmetric functions of the roots.

Example

Vieta's formulas applied to quadratic and cubic polynomial:

For the second degree polynomial (quadratic) P(x)=ax^2 + bx + c, roots x_1, x_2 of the equation P(x)=0 satisfy

 x_1 + x_2 = - \frac{b}{a}, \quad x_1 x_2 = \frac{c}{a}.

The first of these equations can be used to find the minimum (or maximum) of P. See second order polynomial.

For the cubic polynomial P(x)=ax^3 + bx^2 + cx + d, roots x_1, x_2, x_3 of the equation P(x)=0 satisfy

 x_1 + x_2 + x_3 = - \frac{b}{a}, \quad x_1 x_2 + x_1 x_3 + x_2 x_3 = \frac{c}{a}, \quad x_1 x_2 x_3 = - \frac{d}{a}.
Aug 28, 2014
 #98
avatar+118723 
0

Fri 29/8/14

1) Ninja presents his full answers beautifully - just look at this equation solution !!    

http://web2.0calc.com/questions/8-x-1-4x-8

* 2) Today Aziz suggested this "Learning Calculus" website.  People should never forget that there are many really good information sites available on the web.       Thanks Aziz.

https://www.khanacademy.org/math/differential-calculus

3) More questions here! (I included this last time too but it has been added to.)  

 http://web2.0calc.com/questions/quadratic-functions-derived-from-vertex-and-a-point

4) Minimizing question.  We don't get many of these.

http://web2.0calc.com/questions/working-out-the-triangle-length-and-prism-length-of-a-equilateral-triangular-prism#rr1

* 5) Great Simultaneous equations - elimination method solution by Ninja 

http://web2.0calc.com/questions/solve-2x-3y-7-x-y-3

* 6) A little Physics anyone?  Thanks Alan

http://web2.0calc.com/questions/physics_65

7) Unanswered puzzle  

http://web2.0calc.com/questions/how-do-you-get-100-with-only-the-numbers-3-4-and-4

Using the Desmos calculator to graph inequalities.  (thanks Chris)

http://web2.0calc.com/questions/graph-the-inequality-2-y-2-2-y-4

8) Rosala's laugh.  Thanks Rosala 

 http://web2.0calc.com/questions/let-s-end-the-day-with-a-laugh_1

 9) Good fluid solution question (thanks Chris and Alan)

http://web2.0calc.com/questions/how-much-pure-acid-should-be-mixed-with-3-gallons-of-40-acid-solution-in-order-to-get-a-90-acid-solution

10) I haven't had a chance to look at this yet but it might be interesting.

http://web2.0calc.com/questions/vedic-maths-worth-looking-at

11) This advanced maths has  been included before but Heureka has added to it. (Thanks Heureka)

 http://web2.0calc.com/questions/trigonometry_78

 ♬                                        ♬ ♬ MELODY ♬ ♬                           ♫♪ You light up my life ♪ ♫ 

Aug 28, 2014
 #268
avatar+118723 
+3

@@ End of Day Wrap :    Thurs 28/8/14        Sydney, Australia          Time 9:55pm          ♬

 

Good evening, afternoon, morning all,

Our intrepid answerers today were Will8537, CPhill, NinjaDevo, TherealQuestioner, AzizHusain, Rosala, TakahiroMaeda, BluePhoenix912, Alan, Kitty<3, DragonSlayer554 and GoldenLeaf.  Thank you all.  

 

Yesterday I requested that people think before they give full answers as the aim is to teach not to do people's homework for them.  I saw a number of answerers respond very positively to this request.  Thank you, I am really pleased,  I am sure that we all want our answers to promote maximum learnning. 

 

The sticky threads "Great answers to Learn from" and "Reference Material" were  beautifully put together and kept updated by NinjaDevo.  This has been a huge benefit to me and to everyone who uses the forum.  

Unfortunately for us Ninja has now resigned from this job.  School will be starting again for him next week and he will be to busy for this extra responsibility.   I want you to know Ninja that I am extremely grateful for all that you have done and I seriously hope that you continue to have a very strong presence in the forum.  

If anyone would like to volunteer to help me with tasks like these I would be very grateful.  

 

Now for some interest threads:

1) An interesting function query.

http://web2.0calc.com/questions/pre-calc-functions

2) Rosala's laugh 

http://web2.0calc.com/questions/let-s-end-the-day-with-a-laugh

3) A good one for the younger crowd

http://web2.0calc.com/questions/for-all-possible-values-of-a-if-a-b-2-a-2-what-must-b-equal

4) I like doing things the long way lol

http://web2.0calc.com/questions/quadratic-functions-derived-from-vertex-and-a-point

 

That is it for my day.  Enjoy the rest of yours.   

 

              ♫♪  ♪ ♫                            ♬ ♬ MELODY ♬ ♬                           ♫♪  ♪ ♫ 

Aug 28, 2014

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