How to convert polar to cartesian and vice versa ?
I. polar to cartesian : $$\boxed{\begin{array}{rcl}
x=r*\cos{(\alpha)} \\
y=r*\sin{(\alpha)}
\end{array}
}$$
II. cartesian to polar : $$r:
\begin{array}{rcl}
x^2+y^2&=&r^2\cos^2{(\alpha)}+r^2\sin^2{(\alpha)} \\
x^2+y^2&=& r^2(
\underbrace{
\sin^2{(\alpha)}+\cos^2{(\alpha)}
}_{=1} ) \\
x^2+y^2&=&r^2 \\
\end{array}
\boxed{r=\sqrt{x^2+y^2}}$$
$$\alpha:
\begin{array}{rcl}
\frac{y}{x}&=& \frac { r\sin{(\alpha)} } { r\cos{(\alpha)} }\\
\frac{y}{x}&=& \tan{(\alpha)}
\end{array}
\boxed{
\alpha=\tan^{-1}\left(
\frac{y}{x}
\right)
}$$
$$\begin{array}{rcll}
y>0 &and& x>0 & \quad \alpha \\
y>0 &and& x<0 & \quad \alpha +180\ensurement{^{\circ}}\\
y<0 &and& x<0 & \quad \alpha +180\ensurement{^{\circ}}\\
y<0 &and& x>0 & \quad \alpha +360\ensurement{^{\circ}}\\
\hline
y=0 &and& x>0 & \quad \alpha = 0\ensurement{^{\circ}}\\
y>0 &and& x=0 & \quad \alpha = 90\ensurement{^{\circ}}\\
y=0 &and& x<0 & \quad \alpha = 180\ensurement{^{\circ}}\\
y<0 &and& x=0 & \quad \alpha = 270\ensurement{^{\circ}}
\end{array}$$
y = 0 and x = 0 $$\alpha$$ undefined!
