Draw right triangle ABC with the right angle at C.
If you look at angle A, since "adjacent" means "next to", there are two sides that are next to, or touching, or adjacent to angle A. One is sides AC, and the other is side AB. Since side AB alreadly has a name, it's the "hypotenuse", side AC is the adjacent side. When looking at angle A, side BC is the side on the opposite side of the triangle, so it is called the "opposite" side.
Similarly, when referring to angle B, there are two sides that are adjacent (or touching, or next to) to angle B. One is side BC and the other is side BA. Since side BA is the hypotenuse, BC is the "adjacent" side. In this case, side AC is opposite angle B.