I am just going to do the first one for you. (Completed after Alan's comment below)
http://cs.selu.edu/~rbyrd/math/continuous/
$$A=Pe^{rt}$$
r=5%=0.05
A=2P
$$\begin{array}{rll}
2P&=&Pe^{0.05t}\\\\
2&=&e^{0.05t}\\\\
ln2&=&lne^{0.05t}\\\\
ln2&=&0.05t\\\\
0.05t&=&ln2\\\\
t&=&\frac{ln2}{0.05}\\\\
\end{array}$$
$${\frac{{ln}{\left({\mathtt{2}}\right)}}{{\mathtt{0.05}}}} = {\mathtt{13.862\: \!943\: \!611\: \!198\: \!906\: \!2}}$$
13.86 time units needed to double the investment.