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Apr 27, 2019
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I think the reason why it works for 10,000, but not for 5,000 is as follows:
1 - Each of the 10 digits[0 to 9] must be EQUALLY represented up to a 1000, since there are: 10 digits x 10 blocks of 100 numbers each =1000. As you can see in this breakdown of all the 10 digits between 1 and 1000:
[189, 300, 300, 300, 300, 300, 300, 300, 300, 300]. Zero(189) is an exception due to the peculiarity of the decimal system. 


2- In order for all 10 digits to be equally distributed, you have to go up the numberline in powers of 10. Therefore, the next block will be:1000 x 10^1 =10,000, when all the 10 digits will be EQUALLY represented again. The following breakdown illustrates the case.
[2889, 4000, 4000, 4000, 4000, 4000, 4000, 4000, 4000, 4000]. Again, zero is the exception.


3- To show the distribtion of all 10 digits up to limit that is NOT a power of 10, the following couple of example illustrates that very clearly: From 1 to 5000 you have the following: [1389, 2500, 2500, 2500, 2500, 1500, 1500, 1500, 1500, 1500]. As can be clearly seen, the distribution of the 10 digits is anything but equal, the first 5 being quite different from the last 5.
From 1 to 15,000 the distribution is skewed like this:
[5389, 11500, 6500, 6500, 6500, 5500, 5500, 5500, 5500, 5500]. Again, they are anything but equal.


4 - The next EQUAL distributions would be powers of 10, namely:10,000 x 10^1 =100,000 which has the following EQUAL distribution:[38889, 50000, 50000, 50000, 50000, 50000, 50000, 50000, 50000, 50000]. And the last, for this pupose, would be:100,000 x 10^1 =1,000,000, which has the following EQUAL distribution: [488889, 600000, 600000, 600000, 600000, 600000, 600000, 600000, 600000, 600000].


5- I hope that this is a satisfactory explanation to your question.

Apr 27, 2019

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