200/1000*100% = 20%
350/2000*100%= 17.5%
It would be unusual to pay a lower percentage of tax on a higher income.
Perhaps this is not what your table means.
As fot the rest they are not really mathematics questions.
When you talk about major sources of revenue, especially state revenue, the answer si going to be quete different in every country and this is an international forum.
In most countries I would think the major source of federal government revenue would be income and business taxes, and maybe goods and services taxes.
In Australia a major source of state revenue would be land tax and stamp duty on house purchases.
Police fines, and probably some business taxes.
I probably haven't been much help. Sorry.