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The basic technique for dealing with each of these problems is that of completing the square.

 

The first one,  t29t36.

Take a half of the coefficient of the linear term, (the 9t term), -9/2, square it, 36/4, add it to the expression and subtract it as well.

That gets you

t29t+36436364, which is still equal to the original,

and which can be written as

(t92)245 .

The minimum value for that will be -45 occurring when t = 9/2, since that makes the expression inside the bracket zero. For any other value of t, the squared term will be greater than zero, making the whole expression greater than -45.

 

For the method to work, the coefficient of the squared term has to be 1. If the coefficient is not equal to 1, it has to be removed as a factor.

For example, if we had, (not one of yours),

2x28x+17,

we would proceed as follows.

2(x2+4x)+17=2(x2+4x+44)+17

=2{(x+2)24}+17 ,

=2(x+2)2+8+17=252(x+2)2

Looking at that, its maximum value will be 25, occurring when x = -2, (since that makes the expression inside the bracket equal to zero).

 

The two variable example further down, x2+y24x+2y, can be dealt with in much the same way.

Write it as

x24x+y2+2y ,

and complete the square on x and y separately. It's then easy to see what the minimum value is, and the values of x and y that give that value.

 

Tiggsy.

Oct 19, 2017

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