Questions 1 and 2 seem to be the same question. Using the method of successive subtractions, you can show that it can't be linear, quadratic, nor cubic. However, because of the missing value for x = 6, I can't take it past that. Perhaps someone else can.
Question 3: Place the data for year into L1 and the data for median age into L2, and check LinReg, QuadREg, CubicReg, and QuartReg, until you get one of the answers listed. (None are perfectly close, just match the possible answer to what your calculator gave you.
Question 4: Use your answer of Question 3 to solve this question.
Question 5 is like Question 3.
Question 6: Place the data for year into L1 and the data for percentage into L2, and check LinReg, QuadREg, CubicReg, and QuartReg, until you get the highest R-value. Choose that for the formula you will use to get the answer.